Which document announced the thirteen colonies' separation from Great Britain?

The correct answer is the Declaration of Independence. This document, adopted on July 4, 1776, formally announced the thirteen colonies' decision to separate from Great Britain. It articulated the colonies' grievances against the British Crown and outlined the philosophical justification for independence, emphasizing principles such as individual liberty and the right to self-governance. The Declaration served not only as a statement of independence but also as a rallying point for the colonies, providing a clear and powerful declaration of their intent to be free and independent states.

In contrast, the Constitution established the framework for the United States government following independence, while the Bill of Rights enumerates specific protections for individual liberties. The Federalist Papers are a series of essays advocating for the ratification of the Constitution and do not pertain to the initial announcement of separation from British rule. Understanding the significance of the Declaration of Independence in the context of American history is essential, as it marked the beginning of the United States as a sovereign nation.