What is the term for the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional?

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional is called judicial review. This authority is a fundamental principle of the American legal system, established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and ensure that legislative and executive actions align with constitutional principles. This process acts as a check on the powers of the other branches of government, helping to preserve the rule of law and guard against potential abuses of power.

The other options refer to different concepts that do not relate to the Supreme Court's role in reviewing laws. Executive privilege pertains to the president's ability to withhold information from other branches, legislative oversight involves Congress monitoring the actions of the executive branch, and constitutional immunity deals with certain protections granted to individuals or entities, none of which encompass the function of judicial review.